Tugas Softskill 3
BAB III
REPORTED SPEECH
Devinisi Reported Speech adalah kalimat yang melaporkan sesuatu sebagai ulangan dari pernyataan seseorang.
Hal yang sangat umum tentang ini adalah Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.
· Direct Speech (kalimat langsung) adalah kalimat / kata-kata yang diucapkan langsung oleh si pembicara. Pembicaraan atau perkataan tersebut di beri tanda koma (,) dan tanda kutip pembuka dan penutup(“).
· Indirect Speech ( kalimat tak langsung) adalah kalimat yang melaporkan kembali ucapan seseorang tanpa mengubah maksud apa yang dikatakan si pembicara. Atau dapat dikatakan sebagai kalimat yang dilaporkan. Tanda koma diganti dangan that dan tanda kuti[p pembuka dan penutup dalam direct speech harus dihilangkan dalam indirect speech.
Exemples:
1. I said to Reza, “Iam happy.”
Indirect : I said to Reza that I was happy
2. Mom said to me, “your uncle gives you money.”
Indirect : mom said to me that my uncle gave me money.
3. He says, “you are greedy.”
He says that I am greedy
4. He says, “you are very buzy.”
He says that I am very buzy
5. He said, “ I want to visit you.”
He said that he wanted to visit me
Adapun beberapa perubahan-perubahan dari Direct Speech ke Indirect Speech :
1. To be & Auxiliary Verbs
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| Am/is/are | Was/ Ware |
| Shall/will | Should/ Would |
| Can | Could |
| May | Might |
| Must | Had to |
| Have/has to | Had to |
| Ought to | Had to |
2. Time and place ( keterangan waktu dan tempat )
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| Now | Then |
| Tommorow | The following day |
| Next week | The following week |
| Tonight | That night |
| Today | That day |
| Yesterday | The day before |
| Last night | The nigh before |
| Last week | The week before/ The previous week |
| Here | There |
| This | That |
| These | Those |
3. Tenses
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| Simple present | Simple past |
| Simple past | Past perfect |
| Present perfect | Past perfect |
| Present continous | Past continous |
| Present perfect continous | Past perfect continous |
| Simple future | Past future |
Dalam Direct Speech and Indirect Speech terdiri atas 3 jenis :
I. Statement (pernyataan)
II. Command (perintah)
III. Question (pernyataan)
STATEMENT
Dalam indirect statement kita menggunakan kata that (bahwa) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar (introductory phrase) dan kata-kata yang dilaporkan (reported woord).
| She said/ She said to me/ She told me + that + Reported words |
Exemples :
a. My sister said me, ”I don’t like swimming.”
b. My sister said to me that she didn’t like swimming.
a. Fitri told Bagus, “My father go to Yogyakarta this morning.”
b. Fitri told Bagus that her father hand gone Yogyakarta taht morning.
a. Mary told her friend, ”I have been to Bali twice.”
b. Mary told her friend that she had been to bali twice.
a. Randy said, “I didn’t go to school this morning.”
b. Randy said that he had not gone to school that morning.
a. Father said, “I am going out of town tomorrow.”
b. Father said that he was going out of town the following day.
Ket: Apabila kalimat pengantarnya dalam bentuk simple present tense, maka kalimat yang dilaporkan tidak mengalami perubahan. Dan biasanya lebih banyak menggunakan kata SAY atau SAID.
COMMAND
Command dibagi menjadi 2 bagian yaitu:
1. Positive command.
Adalah kalimat perintah yang berbentuk positive. Dalam perintah positive kita dapat menambahkan katto didepan kalimat perintahnya sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan perintah yang dilaporkan.
Exemples:
a. He ordered , “come in!”
b. He order me to come in.
a. He told, “ go away!”
b. He told me to go away.
a. He ordered, “ get out!”
b. He ordered me to get out.
a. He told me, “ run!”
b. He told me to run.
a. He told me, “do something!”
b. He told me to do something.
Ket: biasanya sering menggunakan kata TOLD atau ORDERED. Dan jangan lupa memberi tanda seru (!) di belakang kalimat.
2. Negative command.
Adalah Kalimat perintah yang berbentuk negative. Dalam perintah negative kita tambahkan not to di depan perintah yang dilaporkan.
Exemples:
a. Paul asked, “don’t move!”
b. Paul asked me not to move.
a. He asked me, “don’t brother him!”
b. He asked me not to brother him.
a. Hermon said, “ don’t sit down!”
b. Hermon said to me not to sit down.
a. Mary told John, “don’t wait for me!”
b. Mary told Johan not to wait for me.
c. Mother asked John, “don’t smoke to much!”
d. Mother asked john not to smoke much.
Ket: jangan lupa memberi tanda seru (!) di belakang kalimat.
QUESTION
Bila pernyataan langsung (direct question) menggunakan kata-kata tanya seperti: Where, When, Who, How, Dll, maka kata-kata tyersebut digunakan sebagai penghubung dalam Reported Speech. Pernyataan yang dilontarkan berubah menjadi bentuk positive.
| He asked me Where/ He asked me when, etc + Positive Form |
Exemples:
a. He asked, “where is Nita?”
b. He asked me where helen was.
a. The man asked me, ‘where do you live?”
b. The man asked me where I live.
a. Fakhrur asked the girl, “whaty is you name?”
b. Fakhrur asked the girl what her name was.
a. He asked me, "how will you go there?”
b. He asked me how I would go there.
a. John asked Andi, “how is Betty?”
b. John asked Andi how Betty was.
Bila pernyataan langsung tidak menggunakan kata-kata tanya, dan hanya merupakan pertanyaan dalam bentuk Yes and No Question, maka menggunakan kata-kata if, whether (jika, apakah) sebagai penghubung kalimat pengantar dan pernyataan yang dilaporkan.
Exemples:
a. The boy asked John, “ Does Mary live near hear?”
b. The boy asked John if Mary lived near there.
a. Mary asked them, “ I will you go to the movie whit us to night?”
b. Mary asked them whether they would go to the movie whit us that night.
Ket: If dan Whether dapat digunakan bergantian.
MIXED TYPE (Jenis Gabungan)
Bila pernyataan dan pernyataan digabung dalam Reported Speech maka kita menggunakan kata as (karene) sebagai penghubung pada bagian kalimat pernyataan yang dilaporkan.
Exemples:
a. She asked me, “what is the time?” my watch has stopped.
b. She asked me what the time was as her watch had stopped.
a. I asked her, “how long have you been studying English?” Your accent is very good.
b. I asked her how long she had been studying English as her accent very good.
c. She said, “it is coold inside.” Is the window open?”
d. She said that it was cold inside and she asked if the window was open.
Bila dalam pernyataan langsung disetrai jawaban Yes dan No, maka kita menggunakan kata but sebagaipenghubung untuk jawaban No dan kata and sebagai kata penghubung untuk jawaban Yes.
Exemples:
a. Mother asked Tom, “Have you had lunch?” No, I haven’t.
b. Mother asked Tom if he had lunch but he said he hadn’t.
a. Father asked me, “Are you going to the movie to night?” Yes
b. Father asked me if I was going to the movie that night and i said I was.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT WITH AUXILLARIES
Apabila direct and indirect speech bertemu dengan auxaliaries maka akan terjadi perubahan-perubahan, diantaranya:
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| Was/ Ware | Had been |
| Can | Could |
| May | Might |
| Must & Have to | Had to |
| Must not | Wasn’t to/ Mustn’t |
| Needn’t | Didn’t have to |
Exemples:
a. Mary said, “I was sick yesterday.”
b. Mary said that she had been sick the day before.
a. The man asked me, “Can you speak English?”
b. The man asked me if I could speak english.
a. The police told me, “You must not drive whitout lincense.”
b. The police told me that I wasn’t to drive without lincense.
a. The teacher told them, “You needn’t hurry.”
b. The teacher told them that they didn’t have to hurry.
a. Mary said to John, “You may come to my house tomorrow.”
b. Mary told John that the might come to her house the following day
Referensi Buku :
1. PRACTICIAL COPLETE EGNLISH GRAMMER, M.J Ladu, edisi April 2008
2. ENGLISH GRAMMER, Idi Supono, edisi 2008
3. ENGLISH ALIVE SENIOR HIGHT SCHOOL, Tri Indaryati
4. ENGLISH GRAMMER, Drs. John S. Hartanto,Drs. S. Koentjoro,Drs. Manaf Asmoro Seputro, edisi revisi 1996
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